January 5, 2026
In 2025, large biopharma companies announced a wave of U.S. manufacturing and R&D investments. Public disclosures show a mix of expansions in established life science hubs and new site announcements in less traditional locations.
Most announcements clustered around known ecosystems such as Massachusetts, New Jersey, and North Carolina. At the same time, several companies committed capital to states that have historically seen fewer large scale pharma manufacturing investments.
The announcements reflect a continued focus on domestic capacity for APIs, biologics, vaccines, oncology products, and advanced modalities, with construction and validation timelines extending well into the second half of the decade.
Publicly disclosed U.S. site investments and expansions in 2025
| State or region | Company | Site type | Notes from 2025 announcements |
| Virginia | AstraZeneca | New site | New factory complex announced. Largest single investment in company history at approximately $4.5B. |
| Virginia | Merck | Expansion | New Centers of Excellence focused on biologics, vaccines, and oncology manufacturing. |
| Delaware | Merck | Expansion | Manufacturing expansion aligned with late stage assets approaching commercial supply. |
| Alabama | Eli Lilly | New site | API manufacturing plant supporting weight loss medicines. Announced at approximately $6B. |
| Texas | Eli Lilly | New site | Part of a broader set of mega factories producing key APIs. |
| Virginia | Eli Lilly | New site | Included in Lilly’s multi site API manufacturing strategy. |
| Multiple states | Novartis | Expansion | $23B U.S. manufacturing and R&D expansion over five years spanning seven states. |
| California (Carlsbad) | Novartis | New site | Radioligand production facility opened shortly before broader 2025 expansion disclosures. |
| Northeast hubs | Roche | Expansion | Site expansions in established biotech regions. |
| Midwest | AbbVie | Expansion | Manufacturing and R&D footprint expansion in an existing U.S. location. |
| Southeast | Johnson & Johnson | New site or expansion | Site specific U.S. investment disclosed, with multi year build out. |
| Northeast | GSK | New site or expansion | Site specific U.S. investment announced in 2025. |
States listed reflect publicly disclosed manufacturing or R&D site announcements or expansions in 2025.
Key themes from 2025 disclosures
Reinforcement of established hubs: Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, and nearby regions continued to attract expansion capital, reflecting existing talent pools, infrastructure, and regulatory experience.
New attention to underrepresented states: Virginia and Alabama emerged as notable beneficiaries. Virginia saw two new site announcements, including AstraZeneca’s largest ever single investment. Alabama secured a major API manufacturing commitment from Lilly.
API and late stage manufacturing focus: Several investments explicitly support API production and commercial scale manufacturing for late stage or recently approved assets, particularly in metabolic disease, oncology, and biologics.
Long horizon capital planning: Construction, validation, and scale up timelines commonly extend into the late 2020s, signaling sustained commitment rather than short cycle capacity additions.
Large U.S. capital envelopes without site detail
In parallel with site specific announcements, several companies disclosed large multi year U.S. investment commitments without naming individual locations in 2025.
| Company | Disclosed U.S. commitment | Time horizon | Site level detail in 2025 |
| Pfizer | Approximately $20B plus | Multi year | Not specified |
| Sanofi | Multi billion | Through 2030 | Not specified |
| Bristol Myers Squibb | Up to approximately $70B | Through 2030 | Not specified |
While these disclosures do not yet map to specific sites, they establish capital envelopes that are likely to translate into future U.S. manufacturing and R&D expansions.
Why this matters
The 2025 announcements underscore a continued reshaping of U.S. biopharma manufacturing. Companies are balancing concentration in proven hubs with selective expansion into new regions, often aligned with large scale API production and long term commercial supply.
As these projects move from announcement to execution, site level disclosures will provide further clarity on how U.S. biopharma capacity evolves through the end of the decade.
